; Participant teacher: Jacob Shutzman / Final Countdown game ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ ; List of procs and their function (Game's Extras are noted for beautifying the game) | ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ ; | ; strnum - Uses a memory location loaded into di by the calling module, to get a string of | ; numbers (in ASCII), and turns it into a number placed in dx. (strnumber is better) | ; | ; | ; duration - Asks the player how many seconds he/she wants to play. converts the given | ; input from ASCII to a number and places it in outputn (1 Extra). | ; | ; dispwelc - Display welcome screen - Opening screen + game instructions (2 Extras). | ; It checks if the user wants to play, if not. it gets out. It also asks if | ; the user wants a color background for the game. If the answer is 'y', it stores | ; the 'y' in scrncol, for the 'background' proc to examine. | ; | ; genrnd - Gets as a parameter an upper limit for random generation.This proc uses | ; 1/100th of a second from the clock, and explained more in details bellow. | ; It returns the random number in dx (between 0 and the boundary.) | ; | ; delay1 - Used by genrnd to wait for couple of tics, in order for the random to be | ; better. (one parm - delay amount). Each tic is 1/18th of a second. | ; | ; delay2 - This is the heart of the game. It delays the game between drawing and erasing | ; of the squares, in which period, it 'haunts' the mouse-click. If clicked (left) | ; it calls mousecapture to detect where the click occured. | ; | ; mousecapture - If the mouse clicked inside the square, increment the points count and beep | ; (noparms). | ; | ; number2string - Convert a number to displayable format (ASCII) - no parms. Works on | ; memory location : numstr. | ; | ; dollar - Prepares memory location with $ signs, helper for number2string. | ; | ; soundplay - Make the 'beep' sound when a square is hit by the mouse. (no parms). | ; | ; drawsq - gets one parameter which is a color. draws a square with upper left corner | ; being the X , Y coordinates, generated by genrnd. | ; | ; drawline - A helper proc for drawsq. It draws one line, a pixel at a time with 10h | ; interrupt. | ; | ; background - Colors the background for the squares with some 'bizarre' color - for fun, | ; upon the player's request. | ; | ; drawone - (The pair background/drawone are essentially identical to drawsq/drawline, | ; with the exception of painting the whole screen. I could have used parameters, | ; however, I wanted it to be more obvious (sometimes redundant code is beauty :-) | ; | ; soundstop - Stops the sound after the square changes. | ; | ; gameloop - Literally the game's loop. calls genrnd to give X and Y for the next square, | ; calls delay2, erases the screen preparing for the coming square and stops | ; the 'beep', if a hit was made. | ; | ; newline - Since placing a new line is so common in my code, I decided to make it a proc. | ; Also replaces the cryptic format of the interrupt and better code organization. | ; | ; hex2dec - Receive input in ax as hex, return a string of the decimal equivalent referenced by si| ; We point si to a '$$..' string, which will contain the result. | ; | ; calcpercent- Since I give the option to play different length games, I need to calculate the score | ; in percentage, to give the player a better estimate of her achievement, and not only | ; the number of hits. This proc does that. | ; | ; The program is easily customizable, to change square size - sqsz, colors: red, blue | | ; | ; Added another extra : RECORD FILE. The main processing for it starts after the line that says: | ; RECORD FILE manipulations. | ; I list here all the supporting procs for it. Some are obvious, so no explanation is needed, like | ; readfile, writefile etc. This portion was added to beautify the game, so it occurs after the game | ; had been played. (some of the procs are customization of existing procs, for example strnumber is | | ; a more versatile version of strnum, which essentially makes strnum obsolete, but | ; I tried not to touch the working code for the game,so I left both. In a perfect | ; world I'd keep the more robust only and change the calls. | ; | ; 'supporting cast' for the record file: | ; -------------------------------------- | ; createfile , readfile, openfile, closefile , dollar1 - more robust than dollar. | ; | ; pertostr - converts percent format xxx.yy% to xxxyy, for later turning it to a number for | ; comparison of new result with the existing record. | ; len - calculates the length of the percentage string (could be 100% which makes it one char | ; longer (in order to know what how many bytes to write to the record file. | ; | ; Finally, the delayloop variable warrants some explanation for its value of 30,000. It was chosen | ; by me for two reasons. It delays the game enough to give you a chance to hit, but still not such | ; a great chance. If you score in the 90%, you are damn good with coordination. The other reason was| ; after trial and error, I realized it approximates one square per two seconds of the game, which | ; lets me get away with not measuring time with the clock, so a 40 seconds would yield 20 square | ; game. | ; | ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ IDEAL MODEL small STACK 600h DATASEG x dw ? y dw ? rndnums db '02173514869712304859681234605973571204986634127098' ; for random gen clock equ es:6ch digs db 4 rndstr db '$$$$$' size1 equ 4 rndlimit equ 50 clocktic equ 18 rndupper dw ? vardec dw 10 scrh equ 310 scrv equ 190 sqsz equ 4 red equ 4 ;color I chose for the squares blue equ 10 ;I'm not color-blind, but did not know the name for this, it's nice though delayloop equ 30000 ;How fast u want the game to be? lower number means faster msgsz equ 61 stars db ' * $',13,10 db ' *** $',13,10 db ' ***** $',13,10 db ' ******* $',13,10 db ' ********* $',13,10 msg db ' ****** Welcome to the final CountDown Challenge!!! ******$' grules db 'You need to chase the square with the mouse and click $',13,10 db 'with the left mouse button. Every time you click the $',13,10 db 'square, you get one point. If you got it, a beep sounds. $',13,10 db 'U also get to choose how many seconds to play. $',13,10 askgame db ' Would you like to play the game ? (y -for yes, n -for No) $' durationm db ' How many seconds do you feel like playing (20 - 180) ? $' bkgrnd db ' Do you want color background ? (y -for yes, n -for No) $' nogame db ' User decided NOT to play $' scorem db ' Your final score is: out of $$$$$' scorep db ' Your score in percentage is: $$$$$$$$' points db 0 totsquares db 0 numstr db '$$$$$' ;STRING FOR 4 DIGITS. currfactor db ? numasc db ? inputn db 6 dup(?) outputn db 0 scrncol db ' ' pcfactor db 100 num db ? res db 5 dup ('$') fullper db 8 dup ('$') newscorenms db 6 dup('$') ;for comparison with record result1 db '$$$$$$' recordholder db ' You, my friend, IS the Record Holder now!!!',10,13,'$' congrats db ' Congratulations buddy !!! You have just broken the record.',10,13,'$' recordstays db ' Sorry, you have not broken the record !!!',10,13,'$' filename db 'record.txt',0 filehandle dw ? errormsg db 'Error',10,13,'$' numofbytes equ 7 oldscore db '$$$$$$$$' CODESEG ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- proc pertostr scorecheck: mov al,[si] cmp al,'$' je donewithit cmp al,30h jb nextchar ; both dot and % ASCII's are < 30h mov [di],al inc si inc di jmp scorecheck nextchar: inc si jmp scorecheck donewithit: ret endp pertostr ;----------------------------------------------------------------------- proc strnumber ;count how many digits we have xor ax,ax xor bx,bx push di countloop: mov bl,[di] cmp bl,'$' je updatesize inc al inc di jmp countloop updatesize: pop di mov [size1],al xor cx,cx mov cl,[size1] mov bx,1 xor dx,dx xor ax,ax add di,cx sub di,1 loop1: mov al,[di] mov ah,0 sub al,30h push dx mul bx pop dx add dx,ax mov ax,bx push dx mul [vardec] pop dx mov bx,ax dec di loop loop1 ret endp strnumber ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- proc createfile mov bx,1 ; bx=1 means create failed mov ah,3Ch mov cx,0 mov dx, offset filename int 21h jc nosuccess mov bx,0 mov [filehandle],ax nosuccess: ret endp createfile ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- proc openfile ; bx=0 open succeeded, bx=1 file does not exist mov bx,0 ; bx=2 other error with the file mov ah,3Dh mov al,2 lea dx,[filename] int 21h jc openerror mov [filehandle],ax ret openerror: mov bx,1 cmp ax,2 ; ax==2 File not found je endit mov bx,2 ; Other error than file not found endit: ret endp openfile ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- proc readfile mov ah,3Fh mov bx,[filehandle] mov cx, numofbytes mov dx,offset oldscore int 21h ret endp readfile ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- proc writefile ; Receives a parameter - how many bytes to write push bp mov bp,sp mov ah,40h mov bx,[filehandle] mov cx,[bp+4] ; length of string to write mov dx, offset fullper int 21h pop bp ret 2 endp writefile ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- proc closefile mov ah,3Eh mov bx,[filehandle] int 21h ret endp closefile ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- proc dollars1 ;No parms. Fills area in memory with "$" push cx push di mov cx, 7 mov di, offset result1 dollars_loop: mov bl, '$' mov [ di ], bl inc di loop dollars_loop pop di pop cx ret endp dollars1 ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- proc len xor dx,dx xor al,al checkch: mov al,[si] cmp al,'$' je returnlen inc si inc dx jmp checkch returnlen: ret endp len ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- proc hex2dec ;works on value in ax, returns result in the area si references mov cx,0 mov bx,10 onedig: mov dx,0 div bx ; ax = dx:ax / bx (quotient , dx = mod( dx:ax, bx) add dl,30h ; make the decimal digit its ASCII value push dx inc cx cmp ax,9 ; Last digit when ax <= 9 jg onedig add al,30h mov [si],al ; First digit getdig: pop ax ; Loop on the rest of the digits stored on the stack inc si mov [si],al loop getdig ret endp hex2dec ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- proc calcpercent ; calculate percentage hits/total-squares up to 2 decimals accuracy push bp mov bp,sp xor bx,bx mov ax,[bp+4] ; number of hits mov bl,[bp+6] ; total squares mul [pcfactor] div bl ; al = quotient, ah = remainder mov [num],al push bx push ax ; save results on the stack xor ax,ax mov al,[num] ; First the integer part mov si, offset res call hex2dec ; put result in res mov bx, offset res ; Transfer integer portion to final string xor si,si mov di, offset fullper xor dx,dx loop10: mov dl,[bx+si] cmp dl,'$' je goahead mov [di],dl inc si inc di jmp loop10 goahead: mov [byte ptr di],'.' inc di pop ax ; now the fraction pop bx mov al,ah xor ah,ah mul [pcfactor] div bl xor ah,ah call dollars ; reset numstr to 5 $ signs mov si, offset numstr call hex2dec ; (input in ax) put result in numstr xor si,si mov bx, offset numstr loop2: mov dl,[bx+si] cmp dl,'$' je done mov [di],dl inc si inc di jmp loop2 done: mov [byte ptr di],'%' pop bp ret 4 endp calcpercent ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- proc drawone push bx mov bx,320 oneline: mov ah,0ch int 10h inc cx dec bx cmp bx,0 jnz oneline pop bx ret endp drawone ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- proc background ; 1 parameter - color push bp mov bp,sp ;Save registers state push ax push bx push cx push dx mov al,[bp+4] ; color mov bx,200 mov cx,0 mov dx,0 drlines: call drawone inc dx mov cx,0 dec bx cmp bx,0 jnz drlines ;loop on lines, creates the square ;Restore registers pop dx pop cx pop bx pop ax pop bp ret 2 endp background ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- proc newline push ax push dx mov ah,2 mov dl,10 int 21h pop dx pop ax ret endp newline ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- proc graphicsmouse ; Enter graphics mode, initial and show the mouse push ax mov ax,13h int 10h cmp [scrncol],'y' jne nocol push blue call background ; Player asked for colorfull background nocol: mov ax,0h int 33h mov ax,1h int 33h pop ax ret endp graphicsmouse ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; Calculate the duration in seconds (convert ASCII to number) proc duration mov dx, offset durationm mov ah,9h int 21h call newline mov dx, offset inputn mov bx, dx mov [byte ptr bx],4 mov ah, 0Ah int 21h ; The input number of seconds resides starting at: [inputn+2] ; its length is in [inputn+1] xor cx,cx mov cl,[byte ptr inputn+1] ;length of input number in input buffer xor si,si xor bx,bx mov bx, offset inputn add bx,2 ;bl points to the beginning of the input xor al,al nextdig: mov al,[bx+si] mov [numstr+si],al inc si loop nextdig mov di, offset numstr call strnum ; string num into num mov [outputn],dl ret ;outputn will have the result endp duration ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- proc delay1 ; delays execution by parameter X 1/18th of a second push bp mov bp,sp xor cx,cx mov cx,[bp+4] ;delay amount as parameter mov ax,40h mov es,ax tick: mov ax,[clock] notick: cmp ax,[clock] ; Wait for a clock tic je notick loop tick pop bp ret 2 endp delay1 ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- proc delay2 ; delays execution by parameter (loop counter) push bp mov bp,sp push cx xor cx,cx mov cx,[bp+4] ;loop amount ticktack: push cx xor ax,ax xor bx,bx xor cx,cx xor dx,dx mov ax,3h int 33h cmp bx,1 ;catch the mouse if clicked jne proceed call mousecapture proceed: pop cx loop ticktack pop cx pop bp ret 2 endp delay2 ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- proc strnum ;Turns a string of digits into a number in dx mov cx,size1 ;Up to 4-digit number mov bx,1 xor dx,dx xor ax,ax add di,cx sub di,1 digits: mov al,[di] cmp al,'$' ;We start from the right digit, if it's a $ je nextd ;we skip (number shorter than 4 digits) mov ah,0 sub al,30h push dx mul bx pop dx add dx,ax mov ax,bx push dx mul [vardec] pop dx mov bx,ax nextd: dec di loop digits ret endp strnum ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ proc genrnd ;Using the 1/100s of the clock for indexing into a digit string | ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ ; Get upper limit and rnd number string as parameters.The proc always creates a 4-digit number based | ; on the clock (1/100s) and a string of digits. We need randoms for positioning pixels on the screen.| ; We need numbers between 0-200 (vertical), and 0-320 (horizontal) actually 0 to 190 and 0-310 | ; because that coordinate would be the upper left corner of our game square. | ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ push bp mov bp,sp mov bx,[bp+4] ; upper limit for random mov [rndupper],bx xor cx,cx mov cl,[byte ptr digs] ;number of digits = loops for new time reading mov di,offset rndnums mov si,offset rndstr ;the generated number will be stored here (as a string) rndloop: push cx ;every loop generates one digit mov ah,2Ch ;ch- hr , cl - min, dh -sec dl - 1/100s int 21h mov bl,rndlimit ;rndlimit is one more than the largest index generated xor ax,ax mov al,dl ;(0 to 99) div bl ;ah has the random (ah= al mod bl) < 50 [len(digit string)=50] ;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; Use ah as index into rndnums, picking digits for a random number ;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xor bx,bx mov bl,ah mov al,[di+bx] mov [si],al ;build random number in memory inc si push 2 ;delay by 2 clock cycles (parameter for delay1) call delay1 pop cx loop rndloop ; Turn the string of random into a number limited by the parameter. mov di,offset rndstr call strnum ;dx gets the resulting number limited by rndupper mov ax,dx xor dx,dx mov bx,[rndupper] div bx pop bp ret 2 endp genrnd ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- proc drawline ;draw individual line length sqsz push bx mov bx,sqsz nextpix: mov ah,0ch int 10h inc cx dec bx cmp bx,0 jnz nextpix pop bx ret endp drawline ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- proc drawsq ; 1 parameter - color push bp mov bp,sp ;Save registers state push ax push bx push cx push dx mov al,[bp+4] ; color mov bx,sqsz mov cx,[x] mov dx,[y] lineloop: call drawline inc dx mov cx,[x] dec bx cmp bx,0 jnz lineloop ;loop on lines, creates the square ;Restore registers pop dx pop cx pop bx pop ax pop bp ret 2 endp drawsq ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- proc dispwelc ; Display welcome screen push ax push si push bx xor si,si mov cx,5 promo: mov dx,offset stars ;print the stars for fun add dx,si mov ah,9h int 21h call newline add si,msgsz loop promo call newline ;Print welcome message mov dx, offset msg mov ah,9h int 21h call newline call newline ;print the stars upside down mov cx,5 mov bl,4 promodown: mov dx,offset stars mov al,msgsz mul bl add dx,ax mov ah,9h int 21h call newline dec bl loop promodown xor si,si mov cx,4 gamerules: mov dx,offset grules ;print the game rules add dx,si mov ah,9h int 21h call newline add si,msgsz loop gamerules call newline ;Ask if the user wants to play mov dx, offset askgame mov ah,9h int 21h call newline ; Receive input from the keyboard mov ah,0Ch mov al,07h int 21h cmp al,'y' ;'y' means the user wants to play je play mov dx,0 play: mov dx, offset bkgrnd ;Ask if the player wants a colorfull screen mov ah,9h int 21h call newline call newline mov ah,0Ch mov al,07h int 21h mov [scrncol],al pop bx pop si pop ax ret endp dispwelc ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- proc number2string push cx call dollars ;prepare numstr with $ signs. mov bx, 10 ;extracting a digit at a time mov cx,0 ;EXTRACT DIGITS cycle1: mov dx,0 ;to facilitate division div bx ;dx:ax / 10 = ax - quotient dx -remainder push dx ;using a stack will allow fetching in the correct order inc cx cmp ax,0 ;done if number is zero jne cycle1 ;Retrieve pushed digits (opposite order) mov si, offset numstr cycle2: pop dx add dl,48 ;convert dec digit to ASCII - 48 is '0' in ASCII mov [si],dl inc si loop cycle2 pop cx ret endp number2string ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- proc dollars ;No parms. Fills area in memory with "$" push cx push di mov cx, 5 mov di, offset numstr loop_dollars: mov bl, '$' mov [ di ], bl inc di loop loop_dollars pop di pop cx ret endp dollars ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- proc soundplay ;Play sound, for hitting a point push ax mov al,10110110b ; "magic" number out 43h,al ; send it to initialize the 43h port of timer 2 mov ax,4560 ; Middle C note frequency (especially annoying beep) out 42h,al ; low order byte to port 42h mov al,ah out 42h,al ; high order byte of ax to port 42h in al,61h or al,00000011b ;turn speaker on by forcing bit 0 and 1 to be 1's out 61h,al pop ax ret endp soundplay ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- proc soundfoul ;Play sound, for missing a point push ax in al,61h or al,00000011b out 61h,al mov al,0b6h out 43h,al mov ax,1200 out 42h,al mov al,ah out 42h,al pop ax ret endp soundfoul ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- proc soundstop ;stop playing sound push ax in al, 61h and al, 11111100b ; Forcing bits 0 and 1 to zero, to turn off sound out 61h, al pop ax ret endp soundstop ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- proc gameloop showsq: push cx mov ax,scrh sub ax,sqsz push ax call genrnd ;Use random generator to get coordinates on the screen mov [x],dx mov ax,scrv sub ax,sqsz push ax call genrnd mov [y],dx ;Draw square push red call drawsq ;Draw a square with x,y top-left pixel , size sqsz inc [totsquares] mov cx,8 ;delay between drawing and erasing the square deloop: push delayloop call delay2 ;stop sound call soundstop loop deloop ;Erasing the screen by re-entering Graphics mode and showing the mouse ;---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- erase: call graphicsmouse pop cx loop showsq ret endp gameloop ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- proc mousecapture ;Check if mouse clicked on the square shr cx,1 ;Horizontal value calculation (divide cx by 2) cmp cx,[x] jb next1 ;clicked left of the square sub cx,[x] cmp cx,sqsz ja next1 ;clicked right of the square cmp dx,[y] jb next1 ;clicked above the square sub dx,[y] cmp dx,sqsz ja next1 ;clicked below the square inc [points] ;click inside the square - gets a point call soundplay call graphicsmouse ; Initial graphics/mouse to prevent duplicates score counting next1: ret endp mousecapture ;***************************************************************************************************** ; MAIN PROGRAM * ;***************************************************************************************************** start: mov ax,@data mov ds,ax ;Ask if the user wants to play the game (Display the welcome screen) call dispwelc ; if dx=0 after this, the user does not want to play cmp dx,0 jne playon jmp endgame playon: call duration ; returns seconds in: outputn (ask how long of a game) ; xor cx,cx mov cl,[byte ptr outputn] shr cl,1 ; 1 square per 2 seconds (so secs/2) ;Get into Graphics mode, Initial mouse and show it call graphicsmouse ;Initialization call gameloop ;Process ;Wrap-up - exiting the game & returning to text mode mov ah,0 mov al,2 int 10h ;print points with a message out of total squares (to show its quality) mov al,[points] call number2string ;takes the number in al and returns ASCII in numstr call newline mov si, offset numstr mov di, offset scorem add di,22 mov cx,5 ;move the score to its proper place mvnum: mov al,[si] cmp al,24h jne realnum mov al,' ' realnum: mov [di],al inc si inc di loop mvnum mov al,[totsquares] call number2string call newline mov si, offset numstr mov di, offset scorem add di,35 mov cx,4 ;move the total squares to its proper place totnum: mov al,[si] mov [di],al inc si inc di loop totnum mov dx, offset scorem mov ah,9h int 21h call newline ;calculate score percentage xor ax,ax xor bx,bx mov al,[totsquares] mov bl,[points] push ax push bx call calcpercent ; Percentage goes to: fullper mov si, offset fullper mov di, offset scorep add di,31 mov cx,8 ;move calculated percentage into the message percentl: mov al,[si] mov [di],al inc si inc di loop percentl mov dx, offset scorep mov ah,9h int 21h call newline ; RECORD FILE manipulations (added at the end to make the game more challenging) ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ ; The record so far (in percentage is kept in te file: record.txt If there are no scores yet, there | ; is no file. So the file is created the first time a player plays the game. If the record is broken | ; I update the file with the new score, otherwise the record stays. | ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ call openfile ; check if record file exists cmp bx,2 ; fatal error (other than file NF) - just end gracefully. je exit cmp bx,1 ;bx=1 file not found je createit call readfile ;record exists (read it into oldscore) ;Turn oldscore into a number mov si, offset oldscore mov di, offset result1 call pertostr mov di,offset result1 call strnumber ;dx gets the number of record file score mov ax,dx push ax ;save record score on the stack ;reset result1 and prepare it for new score call dollars1 ;Turn newscore (in fullper) to a number mov si, offset fullper mov di, offset result1 call pertostr mov di,offset result1 call strnumber ;dx gets the number of new score pop ax ;get back record score for comparison cmp dx,ax jb stays ;record in file is higher mov dx, offset congrats ;message - record broken mov ah,9h int 21h ;erase, re-create the file. mov dx,offset filename mov ah,41h ; function 41h - delete file int 21h call createfile mov si, offset fullper ; calculate size of string to write call len ; puts the length of fullper in dx push dx call writefile jmp cls createit: ;no scores yet (establishing initial record) call createfile ;The user has the record (first time she played) mov dx, offset recordholder mov ah,9h int 21h mov si, offset fullper ; calculate size of string to write call len ; puts the length of fullper in dx push dx call writefile ;writes new score jmp cls stays: mov dx, offset recordstays mov ah,9h int 21h cls: call closefile ;End record file manipulations jmp exit endgame: mov dx, offset nogame mov ah,9h int 21h call newline ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- exit: mov ax, 4c00h int 21h END start